茶网蝽安全防治药剂与高效施药技术研究

doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.20210407.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 近年来,我国部分茶区茶网蝽暴发成灾,缺乏高效安全防治技术。以低水溶性化学农药、植物源农药为对象,从施药方法、药剂种类、药剂浓度、农药残留等方面,研究了茶网蝽药剂防治技术。结果表明,背负式机动弥雾机施药的防效显著高于背负式电动喷雾器,且防效随施药用水量增加显著提高。8种低水溶性化学农药单剂中,联苯菊酯、高效氯氰菊酯、甲氰菊酯对茶网蝽具有很好的防效,其有效成分用量分别在1.31、22.50、11.25 g·hm^-2时,施药后7 d防效可达90%以上,且干茶中的农药残留量均低于中国、欧盟等规定的最大残留限量标准;唑虫酰胺效果次之,施药后7 d防效为60%~70%;而虫螨腈、乙基多杀菌素、茚虫威、噻嗪酮等低水溶性农药的防治效果均不理想。3种复配化学农药中,高氯·吡丙醚效果最好,施药后7 d防效可达89%。3组植物源农药中,除虫菊素效果最好,其有效成分用量在45.00 g·hm^-2时,施药后7 d防效可达90%;印楝素与藜芦碱混配、印楝素与苦参碱混配,对茶网蝽的防治效果均不理想。综上所述,通过背负式机动弥雾机施用拟除虫菊酯类化学农药和除虫菊素,是一种高效安全防治茶网蝽的方法。

关键词: 茶网蝽, 防治药剂, 施药技术

Abstract: In recent years, the tea lace bugs have broken out in some tea areas of China, and there is an urgent need for an efficient and safe control technology. In this paper, the safe and efficient control technology against tea lace bug was studied from aspects of application methods, types of pesticides, applied dosage and pesticide residues. The control efficiency of knapsack mist sprayer was significantly higher than that of knapsack electric sprayer, and the control efficiency was significantly increased with the increase of water consumption. Among the 8 single-dose chemical pesticides, bifenthrin, beta-cypermethrin and fenpropathrin showed good control effects on tea lace bugs with the control effects higher than 90% 7 d after application. Their dosages of active ingredients were 1.31 g·hm^-2, 22.50 g·hm^-2 and 11.25 g·hm^-2, respectively. Moreover, the pesticide residues in tea were all lower than the maximum residue limit standards from China and the European Union. The control effect of tolfenpyrad could be up to 70% 7 d after application. But the control effects of chlorfenapyr, spinetoram, indoxacarb, and buprofezin were not satisfactory. The control effect of beta-cypermethrin·pyriproxyfen was the best among the 3 compound chemical pesticides, and could reach to 89% 7 d after application. Among the 3 group botanical pesticides, the control effect of pyrethrum was the best, which could be up to 90% 7 d after application when the active ingredient was 45.00 g·hm^-2. The mixture of azadirachtin and veratrine and the mixture of azadirachtin and matrine did not show good control effects. These results indicate that the application of pyrethroids and pyrethrum through knapsack mist sprayer was an effective and safe control technology against the tea lace bugs.

Key words: tea lace bug, pesticides, pesticide application technology

中图分类号:

罗鸿, 崔清梅, 蔡晓明, 罗逢健, 张强, 陈宗懋. 茶网蝽安全防治药剂与高效施药技术研究[J]. 茶叶科学, 2021, 41(3): 361-370. doi: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.20210407.001.

LUO Hong, CUI Qingmei, CAI Xiaoming, LUO Fengjian, ZHANG Qiang, CHEN Zongmao. Study on the Safe Pesticides and Efficient Application Method Against Tea Lace Bug (Stephanitis chinensis Drake)[J]. Journal of Tea Science, 2021, 41(3): 361-370. doi: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.20210407.001.

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