不同品种、地区茶叶籽仁含油量及茶叶籽油中脂肪酸组分和含量差异性分析

doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2022.02.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了筛选出含油量高且脂肪酸组分丰富的茶树品种,对9个省区49个茶树品种茶叶籽进行研究。结果发现,不同品种茶树茶叶籽含油量范围为16.29%~33.80%。采用气相色谱法测定各个品种茶叶籽油中脂肪酸的组分和含量,共检测出19种脂肪酸,主要为油酸、亚油酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸和α-亚麻酸,分别占总脂肪酸含量的46.00%~72.64%、8.05%~31.05%、12.02%~18.80%、2.16%~5.34%和0.36%~1.20%;不同品种茶叶籽油的饱和脂肪酸、单不饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸含量比值平均为1∶3.04∶1.40。脂肪酸组分相关性分析表明,油酸与反-油酸、二十二碳六烯酸呈极显著负相关,而油酸与α-亚麻酸、棕榈酸呈极显著正相关,反-油酸与棕榈酸呈极显著负相关。不同地区茶叶籽油在脂肪酸含量上存在显著差异。综合考虑,中茶108（浙江）、金萱（广东）、湘波绿2号和槠叶齐的茶叶籽油中脂肪酸含量较高,饱和脂肪酸、单不饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸比例更均衡,可作为油用良种进行利用。保山混合种、香山早、金萱（湖南）、紫娟和云南野生种5个品种的茶叶籽油不饱和脂肪酸含量占比高,适用于药物和化妆品用油的开发。

关键词: 茶叶籽, 茶叶籽油, 含油量, 脂肪酸, 组分, 含量

Abstract: In order to identify tea cultivars with high oil and rich fatty acid compositions, the relevant research on tea seeds of 49 tea cultivars from 9 provinces was carried out. The results show that the oil content of different cultivars were 16.29%-33.80%. The composition and content of fatty acids in tea seed oil were determined by gas chromatography. A total of 19 kinds of fatty acids were detected, among which oleic acid, linoleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid and α-linolenic acid were the main fatty acids accounting for 46.00%-72.64%, 8.05%-31.05%, 12.02%-18.80%, 2.16%-5.34% and 0.36%-1.20% of the total fatty acids content, respectively. The average ratio of saturated fatty acid, monounsaturated fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid content in different cultivars of tea seed oil was generally 1∶3.04∶1.40. The correlation analysis of fatty acid components shows that cis-oleic acid was negatively correlated with trans-oleic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, while cis-oleic acid was positive correlated with α-linolenic acid and palmitic acid, and trans-oleic acid was negatively correlated with palmitic acid. There were significant differences in fatty acid content in different regions. Based on the present results, ‘Zhongcha 108’ from Zhejiang province, ‘Jinxuan’ from Guangdong province, ‘Xiangbolv 2’ and ‘Zhuyeqi’ could be used as good oil tea cultivars since their seeds have higher fatty acid contents and the proportion of three fatty acids types was more balanced. ‘Baoshan population’, ‘Xiangshanzao’, ‘Jinxuan’ from Hunan province, ‘Zijuan’ and ‘Yunnan wild tea population’ had high unsaturated fatty acid contents, which were suitable for making pharmaceutical and cosmetic oil.

Key words: tea seed, tea seed oil, oil content, fatty acid, composition, content

中图分类号:

S571.1
S326

向晶, 梁月荣, 赵东, 王开荣, 陆建良, 袁名安, 郑新强. 不同品种、地区茶叶籽仁含油量及茶叶籽油中脂肪酸组分和含量差异性分析[J]. 茶叶科学, 2022, 42(2): 233-248. doi: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2022.02.008.

XIANG Jing, LIANG Yuerong, ZHAO Dong, WANG Kairong, LU Jianliang, YUAN Ming'an, ZHENG Xinqiang. Variation of Oil Content in Tea Seed Kernel and Fatty Acid Compositions and Contents in Tea Seed Oil among Different Culitivars and Regions[J]. Journal of Tea Science, 2022, 42(2): 233-248. doi: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2022.02.008.

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