基于高通量测序技术探究套种灵芝的茶树根际土壤真菌群落结构特征

doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2023.04.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 茶园套种灵芝是将茶叶加工的废弃物资源化再利用的生态循环间作模式,所形成的复合群体可以更彻底地覆盖地面,在改善土壤微生物群落结构,维持土壤微生态系统平衡等方面发挥重要作用。以未套种（CK）、套种1年（A1）、套种2年（A2）、套种3年（A3）的茶树根际土壤为研究对象,利用Miseq PE300高通量测序技术探究土壤真菌群落结构变化特征。结果表明,与CK相比,套种灵芝显著提高了茶树根际土壤碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾及有机碳含量,其中A3土壤升幅最高,各养分含量分别达32.36%、13.01%、69.21%和9.56%。α多样性指数表明,茶树根际土壤真菌群落Observed species指数和Chao1指数呈现CK>A3>A1>A2;ACE指数、Shannon指数和Simpson指数呈现A3>CK>A1>A2。β多样性指数表明,A2与CK、A1、A3的茶树根际土壤真菌群落组成结构差异相对较大。分类学分析发现,茶树根际土壤真菌分布于18门48纲135目309科632属。在门水平上,子囊菌门（Ascomycota）是CK、A1和A3的优势菌门,相对丰度分别为71.28%、68.74%和51.79%;担子菌门（Basidiomycota）是A2的优势菌门,相对丰度为64.48%。在属水平上,与CK相比,套种灵芝的茶树根际土壤A1中角担菌属（Ceratobasidium）、被孢霉属（Mortierella）、毛孢子菌属（Piedraia）和三形菌属（Saitozyma）分别显著上升59.14、1.34、3.70倍和1.92倍（P<0.05）;A2土壤的古根菌属（Archaeorhizomyces）显著下降76.81%,而棉革菌属（Tomentella）和支孢瓶霉属（Cladophialophora）分别显著上升788.43倍和36.24倍（P<0.05）;A3土壤的被孢霉属和灵芝属（Ganoderma）分别显著上升1.09倍和0.81倍（P<0.05）。综上所述,茶园套种灵芝可有效调节茶树根际土壤真菌群落组成结构,改善茶园土壤微生态环境,为茶园可持续绿色发展提供理论依据。

关键词: 茶园, 套种灵芝, 根际土壤, 真菌群落结构

Abstract: The tea plantation with Ganoderma lucidum is an ecological cycle intercropping model of resource utilization of tea processing waste, and the composite community formed can cover the ground more thoroughly and play an important role in improving the soil microbial community structure and maintaining the balance of soil microbiological system. In this study, we investigated the changes of tea rhizosphere soil fungal community structure in uncropped (CK), intercropping 1 year (A1), intercropping 2 years (A2) and intercropping 3 years (A3) using Miseq PE300 high-throughput sequencing technology. The results show that: (1) compared with CK, interplanting Ganoderma lucidum significantly increased the contents of available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and organic carbon in tea rhizosphere soil, with soil of A3 having the highest increase, reaching 32.36%, 13.01%, 69.21% and 9.56%, respectively. (2) The α diversity index shows that the observed species and Chao1 index of tea rhizosphere soil fungal community were CK>A3>A1>A2. ACE index, Shannon index and Simpson index showed A3>CK>A1>A2. (3) The β diversity index shows that the composition and structure of fungal community in tea rhizosphere soil of A2 were relatively different from those of CK, A1 and A3. (4) Through taxonomic analysis, it is found that tea rhizosphere soil fungi were distributed in 18 phyla, 48 classes, 135 orders, 309 families and 632 genera. At phylum level, Ascomycota was the dominant phylum of CK, A1 and A3, with relative abundances of 71.28%, 68.74% and 51.79%, respectively. Basidiomycota was the dominant phylum of A2 with a relative abundance of 64.48%. At the genus level, compared with CK, the contents of Ceratobasidium, Mortierella, Piedraia and Saitozyma in A1 were significantly increased by 59.14, 1.34, 3.70 and 1.92 times, respectively (P<0.05). The relative abundance of Archaeorhizomyces in A2 decreased significantly by 76.81%, while that of Tomentella and Cladophialophora increased by 788.43 and 36.24 times, respectively (P<0.05). The Mortierella and Ganoderma in A3 soil significantly increased 1.09 and 0.81 times, respectively (P<0.05). In summary, the interplanting Ganoderma lucidum in tea gardens can effectively regulate the composition and structure of tea rhizosphere soil fungal community, improve the soil micro-ecological environment and this study provided a theoretical basis for the technical model to promote the sustainable green development of tea plantation.

Key words: tea plantation, intercropping Ganoderma lucidum, rhizosphere soil, fungal community structure

中图分类号:

韩海东, 周柳婷, 黄小云, 俞成然, 黄秀声. 基于高通量测序技术探究套种灵芝的茶树根际土壤真菌群落结构特征[J]. 茶叶科学, 2023, 43(4): 513-524. doi: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2023.04.009.

HAN Haidong, ZHOU Liuting, HUANG Xiaoyun, YU Chengran, HUANG Xiusheng. The Characteristics of Fungal Community Structure in Tea Rhizosphere Soil Interplanted with Ganoderma lucidum Based on High-throughput Sequencing Technology[J]. Journal of Tea Science, 2023, 43(4): 513-524. doi: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2023.04.009.

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