茶叶科学 ›› 2018, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (1): 9-19.doi: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2018.01.002
刘飞, 王云, 张厅, 唐晓波, 王小萍, 李春华
收稿日期:
2017-07-04
修回日期:
2017-08-22
出版日期:
2018-02-15
发布日期:
2019-08-28
作者简介:
刘飞,男,研究实习员,主要从事茶叶加工与质量控制研究,E-mail:lferswu@163.com
基金资助:
LIU Fei, WANG Yun, ZHANG Ting, TANG Xiaobo, WANG Xiaoping, LI Chunhua
Received:
2017-07-04
Revised:
2017-08-22
Online:
2018-02-15
Published:
2019-08-28
摘要: 香气是红茶的重要品质特征,可直接影响品饮者对茶叶等级划分的直观判断。加工过程中,来自糖苷类香气前体物质水解、类胡萝卜素降解、脂肪酸降解、美拉德反应及焦糖化反应等生成的不同种类、比例的挥发性化合物综合作用使红茶表现出丰富多样的香型。本文就红茶加工中鲜叶、萎凋、揉捻、发酵、干燥等重要工序对香气的影响进行综述,并对红茶香气研究趋势作了展望。
中图分类号:
刘飞, 王云, 张厅, 唐晓波, 王小萍, 李春华. 红茶加工过程香气变化研究进展[J]. 茶叶科学, 2018, 38(1): 9-19. doi: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2018.01.002.
LIU Fei, WANG Yun, ZHANG Ting, TANG Xiaobo, WANG Xiaoping, LI Chunhua. Review on Aroma Change during Black Tea Processing[J]. Journal of Tea Science, 2018, 38(1): 9-19. doi: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2018.01.002.
[1] | Yang Z Y, Baldermann S, Watanabe N.Recent studies of the volatile compounds in tea[J]. Food Research International, 2013, 53(2): 585-599. |
[2] | 吴勇. 萜烯类化合物与茶叶香气[J]. 化学工程与装备, 2009, 32(11): 123-125. |
[3] | 骆耀平. 茶树栽培学[M]. 4版. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2008: 77-107. |
[4] | 刘声传, 曹雨, 鄢东海, 等. 贵州野生茶树资源地理分布和形态特征与气候要素的关系[J]. 茶叶科学, 2013, 33(6): 517-525. |
[5] | 金志凤, 叶建刚, 杨再强, 等. 浙江省茶叶生长的气候适宜性[J]. 应用生态学报, 2014, 25(4): 967-973. |
[6] | 徐辉, 李磊, 李庆会, 等. 大气CO2浓度与温度升高对茶树光合系统及品质成分的影响[J]. 南京农业大学学报, 2016, 39(4): 550-556. |
[7] | 罗凡, 龚雪蛟, 张厅, 等. 氮磷钾对春茶光合生理及氨基酸组分的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2015, 21(1): 147-155. |
[8] | 董迹芬, 边金霖,朱全武, 等. 茶叶香气与产地土壤条件的关系[J]. 浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版), 2013, 39(3): 309-317. |
[9] | Liu M, Xie F C, Cao R R, et al.Effect of different cover cultivations in later summer on aroma constituents of autumn tea (Camellia sinensis L.)[J]. Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment, 2014, 3: 1-6. |
[10] | 张正群, 田月月, 高树文, 等. 茶园间作芳香植物罗勒和紫苏对茶园生态系统影响研究[J]. 茶叶科学, 2016, 36(4): 389-395. |
[11] | 陈周一琪,王志岚. 肯尼亚茶产业与茶树资源育种研究[J]. 中国农学通报, 2012, 28(19): 97-103. |
[12] | 王志岚, 陈亮. 印度茶树资源与育种[J]. 中国茶叶, 2011, 33(6): 4-5. |
[13] | 王秋霜, 乔小燕, 吴华玲, 等. 斯里兰卡五大区域红茶香气物质的HS-SPME/GC-MS研究[J]. 食品研究与开发, 2016, 37(22): 128-133. |
[14] | 乔小燕, 王秋霜, 陈栋. 主要产茶国茶树资源与红茶育种研究进展[J]. 植物遗传资料学报, 2015, 16(6): 1135-1140. |
[15] | Yin J F, Zhang Y N, Du Q Z, et al.Effect of Ca2+ concentration on the tastes from the main chemicals in green tea infusions[J]. Food Research International, 2014, 62: 941-946. |
[16] | Kelebek H.LC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS characterization of phenolic constituents in Turkish black tea: effect of infusion time and temperature[J]. Food Chemistry, 2016, 204(2): 227-238. |
[17] | Xu Y Q, Zou C, Gao Y, et al.Effect of the type of brewing water on the chemical composition, sensory quality and antioxidant capacity of Chinese teas[J]. Food Chemistry, 2017, 236: 142-151. |
[18] | 刘盼盼, 徐勇泉, 尹军峰, 等. 主要水质因子对清香型黄山毛峰茶挥发性成分的影响[J]. 中国食品学报, 2016, 16(1): 245-257. |
[19] | Schuh C, Schieberle P.Characterization of the key aroma compounds in the beverage prepared from Darjeeling black tea: quantitative differences between tea leaves and infusion[J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2006, 54(3): 916-924. |
[20] | Muthumani T, Verma D P, Venkatesan S, et al.Influence of climatic seasons on quality of south Indian black teas[J]. Journal of Natural Products, 2013, 3(1): 30-39. |
[21] | 宁井铭, 方俊婷, 朱小元, 等. 基于代谢谱分析的祁门红茶加工过程中儿茶素及芳香类物质变化[J]. 食品工业科技, 2016, 37(9): 127-133, 138. |
[22] | 陈贤明, 冯林, 沈强, 等. 肯尼亚红碎茶与滇红工夫香气成分比较分析[J]. 西南师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2012, 37(7): 90-98. |
[23] | Pang X L, Qin Z H, Zhao L, et al.Development of regression model to differentiate quality of black tea (Dianhong): correlate aroma properties with instrumental data using multiple linear regression analysis[J]. International Journal of Food Science and Technology, 2012, 47(11): 2372-2379. |
[24] | 雷攀登, 黄建琴, 丁勇, 等. 不同区域祁门红茶品质特点分析[J]. 食品科学, 2015, 36(10): 144-149. |
[25] | 郭雯飞, 吕毅, 江元勋. 正山小种和烟正山小种红茶的香气组成[J]. 中国茶叶加工, 2005(4): 18-23. |
[26] | 赖幸菲, 潘顺顺, 李裕南, 等. 不同季节和茶类的金萱品种茶叶香气成分分析[J]. 食品工业科技, 2015, 30(10): 62-68, 72. |
[27] | 徐元骏, 何靓, 贾玲燕, 等. 不同地区及特殊品种红茶香气的差异性[J]. 浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版), 2015, 41(3): 323-330. |
[28] | 王秋霜, 吴华玲, 陈栋, 等. 广东英德红茶代表产品的香气成分鉴定研究[J]. 茶叶科学, 2012, 32(5): 448-456. |
[29] | 王秋霜, 乔小燕, 操君喜, 等. 广东单丛茶树品种红茶香气成分的GC-MS分析[J]. 食品科学, 2015, 36(4): 114-118. |
[30] | 刘晶晶, 王富民, 刘国峰, 等. 茶树萜类香气物质代谢谱与相关基因表达谱时空变化关系[J]. 园艺学报, 2014, 41(10): 2094-2016. |
[31] | Mizutani M, Nakanish H, Ema J, et al.Cloning of β-primeverosidase from tea leaves: a key enzyme in tea aroma formation[J]. Plant Physiology, 2002, 130(12): 2164-2176. |
[32] | 夏涛, 童启庆, 董尚胜, 等. 红茶萎凋发酵中β-葡萄糖苷酶的活性变化[J]. 茶叶科学, 1996, 16(1): 63-66. |
[33] | Guo W F, Yamaguchi K, Watanabe N, et al.Isolation and characterization of β-primeverosidase concerned with alcoholic aroma formation in tea leaves[J]. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, 1996, 60(11): 1810-1814. |
[34] | 张正竹, 宛晓春, 坂田完三. 茶叶β-葡萄糖苷酶亲和层析醇化与性质研究[J]. 茶叶科学, 2005, 25(1): 16-22. |
[35] | 邓慧莉, 周子维, 王秋铭, 等. 武夷岩茶加工工过程β-葡萄糖苷酶对香气形成的影响[J]. 福建茶叶, 2016, (2): 1-3, 7. |
[36] | 陈亮, 赵丽萍, 马春雷, 等. 茶树β-葡萄糖苷酶和β-樱草糖苷酶基因表达差异分析[J]. 园艺学报, 2009, 36(1): 87-92. |
[37] | 周汉琛, 雷攀登, 丁勇. 茶树β-葡萄糖苷酶研究进展[J]. 茶叶科学, 2016, 36(2): 111-118. |
[38] | Ohgami S, Ono E, Horikawa M, et al.Volatile glycosylation in tea plants: Sequential glycosylations for the biosynthesis of aroma β-primeverosides are catalyzed by two Camellia sinensis glycosyltransferases[J]. Plant Physiology, 2015, 168: 467-477. |
[39] | Gui J D, Fu X M, Zhou Y, et al.Dose enzymatic hydrolysis of glycosidically bound volatile compounds really contribute to the formation of volatile compounds during the oolong tea manufacturing process?[J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2015, 63(31): 6905-6914. |
[40] | Zhou Y, Zeng L T, Gui J D, et al.Functional characterizations of β-glucosidases involved in aroma compound formation in tea (Camellia sinensis)[J]. Food Research International, 2017, 96: 206-214. |
[41] | 张正竹, 宛晓春, 施兆鹏, 等. 鲜茶叶摊放过程中呼吸速率、β-葡萄糖苷酶活性、游离态香气和糖苷类香气前体含量的变化[J]. 植物生理学通讯, 2003, 39(2): 134-136. |
[42] | 夏涛, 童启庆, 董尚胜, 等. 红茶萎凋发酵过程中β-葡萄糖苷酶的活性变化[J]. 茶叶科学, 1996, 16(1): 63-66. |
[43] | 丰金玉, 刘昆言, 秦昱, 等. 红茶加工中多酚氧化酶、过氧化物酶和β-葡萄糖苷酶活性变化[J]. 农学学报, 2014, 4(11): 96-99. |
[44] | 夏涛, 童启庆. 冷冻萎凋对茶叶多酚氧化酶和β-葡萄糖苷酶活性的影响初探[J]. 浙江农业大学学报, 1997, 23(1): 1-6. |
[45] | Muthumani T, Senthil Kumar R S. Studies on freeze-withering in black tea manufacturing[J]. Food Chemistry, 2001, 72: 319-327. |
[46] | 张贝贝, 艾仄宜, 曲凤风, 等. 黄光萎凋对红茶品质的影响[J]. 华中农业大学学报, 2016, 35(2): 108-114. |
[47] | 项丽慧, 林馥茗, 孙威江, 等. LED黄光对工夫红茶萎凋过程香气相关酶基因表达及活性的影响[J]. 茶叶科学, 2015, 35(6): 559-566. |
[48] | Mahanta R K, Baruah S.Relationship between process of withering and aroma characteristics of black tea[J]. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 1989, 46: 461-468. |
[49] | 朱宏凯, 何华锋, 叶阳, 等. 温度对工夫红茶揉捻理化品质的影响[J]. 现代食品科技, 2017, 33(5): 1-8. |
[50] | 董春旺, 叶阳, 江用文, 等. 工夫红茶可视化富氧发酵机设计及试验研究[J]. 茶叶科学, 2015, 35(4): 370-376. |
[51] | 潘科, 冯林, 陈娟, 等. HS-SPME-GC-MS联用法分析不同通氧发酵加工工艺红茶香气成分[J]. 食品科学, 2015, 36(8): 181-186. |
[52] | 余露婷, 袁海波, 王伟伟, 等. 光照强度对发酵叶主要生化成分动态变化的影响[J]. 茶叶科学, 2016, 36(2): 149-159. |
[53] | 宋朝鹏, 高远, 武圣江, 等. 烤烟成熟过程中类胡萝卜素变化与其降解香气物质关系[J]. 中国农业科学, 2009, 42(8): 2875-2881. |
[54] | Baldermann S, Kato M, Kurosawa M, et al.Functional characterization of a carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 1 and its relation to the carotenoid accumulation and volatile emission during the floral development of Osmanthus fragrans Lour[J]. Journal of Experimental Botany, 2010, 61: 2967-2977. |
[55] | Vogel J T, Tan B C, McCarty D R, et al. The Carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 1 enzyme has broad substrate specificity, cleaving multiple carotenoids at two different bond positions[J]. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2008, 283(17): 11364-11373. |
[56] | Ilg A, Beyer P, Al-Babili S.Characterization of the rice carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 1 reveals a novel route for geranial biosynthesis[J]. The Febs Journal, 2009, 276(3): 736-747. |
[57] | Bouvier F, Suire C, Mutteer J, et al.Oxidative remodeling of chromoplast carotenoids: Identification of the carotenoid dioxygenase caccd and cszcd genes involved in crocus secondary metabolite biogenesis[J]. Plant Cell, 2003, 15(1): 47-62. |
[58] | Ho C T, Zheng X, Li S M.Tea aroma formation[J]. Food Science and Human Wellness, 2015, 4: 9-27. 2003, 9: 1-6. |
[59] | 宛晓春. 茶叶生物化学 [M]. 3版. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2011: 213-214. |
[60] | Schwad W, Davidovich-Rikanati R, Lewinsohn E.Biosynthesis of Plant-dervived flavor compounds[J]. The Plant Journal, 2008, 54: 712-732. |
[61] | Yaylayan V A.Recent advances in the chemistry of strecker degradation and Amadori rearrangement: implications to aroma and color formation[J]. Food Science and Technology Research, 2003, 9: 1-6. |
[62] | Rizzi G P.The strecker degradation of amino acids: newer avenues for flavor formation[J]. Food Reviews International, 2008, 24: 416-435. |
[63] | 王旭, 冯涛, 庄海宁. 氨基酸对美拉德反应产物呈香特性的研究进展[J]. 中国调味, 2013, 38(7): 1-5,13. |
[64] | Wang Y, Ho C T.Formation of 2,5-Dimethy-4-hydroxy-3(2H)-furanone through methylglyoxal: a Maillard reaction intermediate[J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2008, 56: 7405-7409. |
[65] | Chen X M, Kitts D D.Indentification and quantification of α-dicarbonyl compounds produced in different suger-amino acid Maillard reaction model systems[J]. Food Research International, 2011, 44: 2775-2782. |
[66] | Wong K H, Aziz A S, Mohamed S.Sensory aroma from Maillard reaction of individual and combinations of amino acids with glucose in acidic conditions[J]. International Journal of Food Science and Technology, 2008, 43: 1512-1519. |
[67] | Adams A, De Kimpe N.Chemistry of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, 6-acetyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridine, 2-acetyl-2-thiazoline, and 5-acetyl-2,3-dihydro-4H-thiazine: extraordinary Maillard flavor compounds[J]. Chemical Reviews, 2006, 106(6): 2299-2319. |
[68] | Wang K B, Liu F, Liu Z H, et al.Comparison of catechins and volatile compounds among different types of tea using high performance liquid chromatograph and gas chromatograph mass spectrometer[J]. Institute of Food Science and Technology, 2011, 46(7): 1406-1412. |
[69] | Ho C T, Lin K, Shahidi F.Tea and tea products: chemistry and health-promoting properties [M]. CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, 2009: 154-200. |
[70] | Fu X M, Chen Y Y, Mei X, et al. Regulation of formation of volatile compounds of tea (Camellia sinensis) leaves by single light wavelength [J/OL]. Scientific Reports, 2015, 5, 16858. http://dx. Doi.org/10.1038/srep 16858. |
[71] | Yang Z Y, Kobayashi E, katsuno T, et al. Characterization of volatile and non-volatile metabolites in etiolated leaves of tea (Camellia sinensis) plants in the dark[J]. Food Chemistry, 2012, 135(4): 2268-2276. |
[72] | Shi J, Wang L, Ma C Y, et al.Aroma changes of black tea prepared from methyl jasmonate treated tea plants[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE B (Biomedicine & Biotechnology), 2014, 15(4): 313-321. |
[73] | Kraujalyte V, Pelvan E, Alasalvar C.Volatile compounds and sensory characteristics of various instant teas produced from black tea[J]. Food Chemistry, 2016, 194: 864-872. |
[74] | Yang T, Zhu Y, Shao C Y, et al.Enantiomeric analysis of linalool in teas using headspace solid-phasemicroextraction with chiral gas chromatography[J]. Industrial Crop and Produces, 2016, 83: 17-23. |
[75] | 邵晨阳, 吕海鹏, 朱荫, 等. 不同茶类中挥发性萜类化合物的对映异构体[J]. 中国农业科学, 2017, 50(6): 1109-1125. |
[76] | Zhu Y, Shao C Y, Lv H P, et al.Enantiomeric and quantitative analysis of volatile terpenoids in different teas (Camellia sinensis)[J]. Journal of Chromatography A, 2017, 1490: 177-190. |
[77] | Sheibani E, Duncan S E, Kuhn D D, et al.Changes in flavor volatile composition of oolong tea after panning during tea processing[J]. Food Science & Nutrition, 2016, 4(3): 456-468. |
[78] | Sine Y, José A. Sánchaez-López, Pablo M.Granitto, et al. Rapid and direct volatile compound profiling of black and green teas (Camellia sinensis) from different countries with PTR-ToF-MS[J]. Talanta, 2016, 152: 45-53. |
[79] | Magagna F, Cordero C, Cagliero C, et al.Black tea volatiles fingerprinting by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-Mass spectrometry combined with high concentration capacity sample preparation techniques: Towards a fully automated sensomic assessment[J]. Food Chemistry, 2017, 225: 276-287. |
[1] | 谢贺, 萧涵, 胡腾飞, 陈国和, 刘洋, 欧行畅, 蒋容港, 虞丽明, 李勤, 黄建安, 刘仲华, 王超. 不同炭焙时间对大红袍感官品质及挥发性化合物的影响[J]. 茶叶科学, 2024, 44(6): 960-972. |
[2] | 周虹余, 王瑗媛, 李法鑫, 聂枞宁, 冯德建, 赵悦伶, 杜晓. 基于GC-O-MS评价芽叶型黄茶的香气类型及其关键香气组分的呈香贡献[J]. 茶叶科学, 2024, 44(6): 985-1004. |
[3] | 侯智炜, 吕永铭, 马宽, 张汇源, 顾哲, 张然, 李乐, 金俞谷, 苏祝成, 陈红平. 不同茶树品种的径山茶挥发性成分差异研究[J]. 茶叶科学, 2024, 44(5): 747-762. |
[4] | 蒋阿婷, 刘巧芳, 肖娟娟, 贺军辉, 高兵财, 黄建安, 王坤波, 刘仲华, 禹利君. 湖南黑毛茶优化拼配样的风味品质研究[J]. 茶叶科学, 2024, 44(5): 763-778. |
[5] | 丁凤娇, 袁雨薇, 李元朝, 林进龙, 闫佳伟, 李鹏春, 金珊. 不同萎凋方式美人茶酶促加工阶段的香气变化[J]. 茶叶科学, 2024, 44(3): 469-482. |
[6] | 张湘琳, 凌智辉, 胡维霞, 向春辉, 崔俪丹, 许伟, 肖文军. 不同温度热风萎凋对红茶萎凋叶及成茶品质的影响[J]. 茶叶科学, 2024, 44(3): 483-492. |
[7] | 吴宗杰, 欧晓西, 林宏政, 余欣茹, 程守悦, 吴晴阳, 李鑫磊, 孙云. 武夷肉桂加工中挥发性成分糖苷结合物和香气品质形成研究[J]. 茶叶科学, 2024, 44(1): 84-100. |
[8] | 张汇源, 马宽, 高婧, 金俞谷, 王玉洁, 苏祝成, 宁井铭, 陈红平, 侯智炜. 不同等级径山茶特征香气成分分析[J]. 茶叶科学, 2024, 44(1): 101-118. |
[9] | 陈国和, 胡腾飞, 谢贺, 符文杰, 翟玉珂, 鲍肃都, 安勤, 王超, 王韺姿, 刘仲华, 黄建安. 普洱茶与茯砖茶风味轮的构建及应用[J]. 茶叶科学, 2023, 43(5): 631-644. |
[10] | 曾鸿哲, 彭丽媛, 万丽玮, 刘昌伟, 方雯雯, 王阔飞, 张欣仪, 文帅, 黄建安, 刘仲华. 基于肝脏转录组学探究发花红茶降血糖作用的潜在机制[J]. 茶叶科学, 2023, 43(5): 645-656. |
[11] | 黄维, 张灵枝, 张嘉琳, 林馥茗, 荣杰峰, 肖春燕, 岳鹏航, 余华珠, 孙威江, 黄艳. 不同贮藏年份政和白茶的香气特征与挥发性成分分析[J]. 茶叶科学, 2023, 43(5): 667-680. |
[12] | 刘丽敏, 董春旺, 林淑红, 石亚丽. 基于EDEM和RSM的红茶发酵机参数优化[J]. 茶叶科学, 2023, 43(5): 681-690. |
[13] | 黄翠, 王凤丽, 陈耀林, 于佳俊, 王伟, 杜苏峰, 宋涛, 蔡忠水, 薛洁, 武运. 基于GC-MS和GC-O的茶本酒中特征风味物质研究[J]. 茶叶科学, 2023, 43(5): 703-717. |
[14] | 占坤, 杨正利, 徐子怡, 赖章凤, 李军, 陈罗君, 周四喜, 李明玺, 甘玉迪. 适制宁红茶茶树品种的可溶态和膜结合态多酚氧化酶特性比较[J]. 茶叶科学, 2023, 43(3): 356-366. |
[15] | 魏昊, 蓝天梦, 缪伊雯, 孟庆, 坤吉瑞, 张玉, 童华荣. 基于感官组学分析不同足火方式对金牡丹工夫红茶香气的影响[J]. 茶叶科学, 2023, 43(1): 109-123. |
阅读次数 | ||||||
全文 |
|
|||||
摘要 |
|
|||||
|