生物质炭配施氮肥对茶树生长及氮素利用率的影响

doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2018.04.001

茶叶科学 ›› 2018, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (4): 331-341.doi: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2018.04.001

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生物质炭配施氮肥对茶树生长及氮素利用率的影响

王峰^1,2, 吴志丹^1,2, 陈玉真^1,2, 江福英^1,2, 朱留刚^1,2, 张文锦^1,2, 翁伯琦³, 尤志明^1,2,*

1 福建省农业科学院茶叶研究所,福建福安 355015;
2 福建茶树及乌龙茶加工科学观测站,福建福安 355015;
3福建省红壤山地农业生态过程重点实验室,福建福州 350013

收稿日期:2017-11-17 修回日期:2017-12-27 出版日期:2018-08-15 发布日期:2019-10-15
通讯作者: *
作者简介:王峰,男,助理研究员,主要研究方向为茶树栽培与环境生态,82458lin@163.com。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划（2016YFD0200903）、福建省自然科学基金（2016J01120）、福建省公益类科研院所专项（2015R1012-5,2015R1012-6,2016R1011-4）、中央引导地方科技发展专项（2016L3004）、福建省科技重大专项（2017NZ0002）、福建省农业科学院科技创新团队（STIT2017-1-3）

Effects of the Combined Application of Biochar and Nitrogen on Growth and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Tea Plants

WANG Feng^1,2, WU Zhidan^1,2, CHEN Yuzhen^1,2, JIANG Fuying^1,2, ZHU Liugang^1,2, ZHANG Wenjin^1,2, WENG Boqi³, YOU Zhiming^1,2,*

1. Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fu′an 355015, China;
2. Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Tea Tree and Oolong Tea Processes in Fujian, Ministry of Agriculture, Fu′an 355015, China;
3. Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Hilly Red Soil, Fuzhou 350013, China

Received:2017-11-17 Revised:2017-12-27 Online:2018-08-15 Published:2019-10-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 通过水泥池小区试验,采用¹⁵N同位素示踪技术,研究了生物质炭配施氮肥对茶树生长及氮素利用率（茶树吸收、土壤氨挥发、N₂O和土壤残留量）的影响。结果表明,与不施生物质炭且不施氮肥（B₀N₀）处理相比,施氮能促进茶树的生长发育,茶树株高、树幅和基部径粗均显著增加,茶叶增产68.06%~112.63%。生物质炭对茶叶产量的影响因施氮量而异,在不施氮（N₀）和减量化施氮（N₁）条件下,配施生物质炭处理茶叶产量增加8.82%和8.75%,而常规施氮（N₂）条件下配施生物质炭处理茶叶产量略有降低,但差异均不显著。与B₀N₀处理相比,施氮处理土壤氨挥发和N₂O排放量显著增加;在N₁条件下,配施生物质炭（B₁N₁）处理氨挥发和N₂O累积排放量分别降低了5.87%和4.99%;在N₂条件下,配施生物质炭（B₁N₂）处理氨挥发和N₂O累积排放量分别降低了9.97%和11.41%,B₁N₂处理氮素减排效果更好。与单施氮肥处理相比,配施生物质炭均能增加茶树各器官氮含量、¹⁵N丰度和Ndff值,有利于茶树对氮素的吸收利用。与单施氮肥处理相比,配施生物质炭处理茶树¹⁵N利用率和¹⁵N残留率分别增加了0.46~3.93百分点和4.09~14.37百分点,¹⁵N损失率下降4.54~18.30百分点,其中B₁N₁处理效果优于B₁N₂处理。总体而言,生物质炭配施氮肥促进了茶树对氮的吸收,增加土壤氮素持留,并降低氮素气态损失,从而提高了氮素利用率,以减量化施氮配施生物质炭（B₁N₁）处理茶树能起到“减氮增产”效果,具有良好的应用前景。

关键词: 生物质炭, 氮肥, 茶树, 氮素利用率, 气态损失, 氮素残留

Abstract: A pool experiment was conducted to study the effects of combined application of biochar and nitrogen fertilizer on tea plant growth and ¹⁵N transformation (Tree uptake, ammonia volatilization, N₂O emission and soil residual) using ¹⁵N trace technique. The results showed that the N application treatments improved the tea plant growth, and the tea yields of nitrogen application treatments increased from 68.06% to 112.63% as compared B₀N₀. Biochar effect on tea yields varied with N applications. Under N₀ and N₁ conditions, the tea yields of B₁N₀ and B₁N₁ treatments increased by 8.82% and 8.75%. But under N₂ conditions, the tea yield of B₁N₂ treatment was slightly reduced, although not significant. Compared with the B₀N₀, N application significantly increased the amounts of ammonia volatilization and N₂O emission. Under N₁ conditions, the B₁N₁ treatment reduced the ammonia volatilization and N₂O emission by 5.87% and 4.99% respectively. Under N₂ conditions, the B₁N₂ treatment reduced the ammonia volatilization and N₂O emission by 9.97% and 11.41% respectively. Compared with N treatment, the biochar mixed with N treatments increased the nitrogen concentration, ¹⁵N and the contribution of N derived from fertilizer (Ndff) in different parts of tea plants, thereby facilitated nitrogen uptake. The ¹⁵N use efficiency and ¹⁵N residue rate of biochar mixed with N treatments were higher than those of the N treatments with the percentages increasing by 0.46 to 3.93 percent and 4.09 to 14.37 percent respectively. The ¹⁵N loss rates of biochar mixed with N treatments were lower than those under N treatments, which were 4.54% to 18.30% differences, especially for B₁N₁treatment. In general, application of biochar in tea garden soil could promote N uptake in tea plants, increase the N fixed by soil and decrease N gaseous loss, thus improve the N use efficiency. Taken together, the results supported the theory of “less N fertilizer and increase yield” under B₁N₁ treatment, and this approach could be applied in tea production.

Key words: biochar, nitrogen fertilizer, tea plants, nitrogen use efficiency, nitrogen gaseous loss, nitrogen residue

中图分类号:

王峰, 吴志丹, 陈玉真, 江福英, 朱留刚, 张文锦, 翁伯琦, 尤志明. 生物质炭配施氮肥对茶树生长及氮素利用率的影响[J]. 茶叶科学, 2018, 38(4): 331-341. doi: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2018.04.001.

WANG Feng, WU Zhidan, CHEN Yuzhen, JIANG Fuying, ZHU Liugang, ZHANG Wenjin, WENG Boqi, YOU Zhiming. Effects of the Combined Application of Biochar and Nitrogen on Growth and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Tea Plants[J]. Journal of Tea Science, 2018, 38(4): 331-341. doi: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2018.04.001.

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生物质炭配施氮肥对茶树生长及氮素利用率的影响

Effects of the Combined Application of Biochar and Nitrogen on Growth and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Tea Plants

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