Journal of Tea Science

Progress on the Neuroprotective Effects of Tea

LI Da-xiang, XIAN Shu, YANG Wei, WAN Xiao-chun

Journal of Tea Science. 2011, 31(2): 79-86. doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2011.02.001

Abstract ( 596 )

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Tea is a natural healthy beverage and recent medicinal researches have been proven that teas have the neuroprotection function. In the neuroprotective effects of tea, catechins, L-theanine and caffeine work together to modulate the nervous system especially central nervous system in a multi-targets way through multiple pathways. Tea showed the free radical Scavenging function via the antioxidative roles. Besides, it showed the function of modulation the neurotransmitters as glutamic acid, γ-aminobutyric acid and acetylcholine etc. and their related receptors, prevention of tau protein phosphorylation and intracellular calcium overloads, regulation of protein kinase C signal transduction pathway, modulation of inflammatory factors, elevation of the neurotrophic factors’ level, elimination of vascular risk factors and attenuation of neuron apoptosis. Recent progress on the neuroprotective effects of tea was reviewed in this paper.

Progress on Purine Alkaloids Metabolismin Tea and Other Plants

ZHOU Chen-yang, JIN Ji-qiang, YAO Ming-zhe, CHEN Liang

Journal of Tea Science. 2011, 31(2): 87-94. doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2011.02.002

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Purine alkaloids (e.g. caffeine) can be found in many plants. As excessive intake of caffeine could have side effects on human health, it would be of great significance to obtain a low caffeine level cultivar by regulating metabolism of purine alkaloids. The present paper summarized the distribution, biosynthesis and catabolism (including main and minor pathways) of purine alkaloids, then enzymes and cloning of related genes involved in metabolism of purine alkaloids in tea and other plants. Finally, the exiting problems and possible ways of breeding low caffeine tea cultivars are discussed.

Tendency to Different Colors by Ricaniidae Insects in Tea Garden

SUN Xiao-ling, CAI Xiao-ming, WANG Guo-chang, GAO Yu, WANG De-qiang, CHEN Zong-mao

Journal of Tea Science. 2011, 31(2): 95-99. doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2011.02.003

Abstract ( 629 )

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The phototaxis is the basic behavior of numerous insects. Different species of insects has different preference of spectral range. Eighteen different colors were used to test the preference of Ricaniidae adults in the tea plantation. The results showed that yellow cards with high saturation were the first preference of Ricaniidae adults. Further investigation about field control efficacy of yellow sticky cards should be developed.

The Susceptibility Difference against EoNPV in Different Geographic Populations of Tea Geometrid(Ectropis oblique Prout)

XI Yu, YIN Kun-shan, XIAO Qiang

Journal of Tea Science. 2011, 31(2): 100-104. doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2011.02.004

Abstract ( 635 )

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The experiment of bioassay among 7 different geographic populations of tea geometrid was conducted to investigate the susceptibility difference against EoNPV. The results indicated that, there was a significant susceptibility difference against EoNPV in different geographic populations. Hangzhou population (HZ) and Yixing population (YX) have higher degree of susceptibility than that of others, and all larvae died in the 11^th day after fed with EoNPV, with the median lethal concentration values were 8.32×10⁴PIB/mL and 8.61×10⁴PIB/mL respectively. The other 5 populations showed lower susceptibilities, and the mortality rates were under the 30% after 11-day EoNPV feeding, the median lethal concentration values were between 1.35×10⁷PIB/mL and 6.03×10⁷PIB/mL. Compared with the susceptible population (YX), the virulence ratio of EoNPV on the resistant population (Quzhou population, QZ) reached up to 724.5 fold.

The Influence on Quality of Pseudosciaena Crocea Dip by Tea Polyphenol during Cold Storage

ZHANG Xu-guang, LI Ting-ting, ZHU Jun-li, LI Jian-rong, LI Yu-jin

Journal of Tea Science. 2011, 31(2): 105-111. doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2011.02.005

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The effects of tea polyphenols (0.2%, w/V) mixture dip treatment on quality of Pseudosciaena crocea during cold storage were examined over a period index of 25d. Sensory characteristics, microbiological (total viable count), and chemical (pH, TVB-N, TBA, K-value) were assessed periodically for the treated group and the control. The results indicated that the shelf life were increased 7~8d at the storage of 4℃ under the tea polyphenols treatment. At the end of shelf life (15d), the total viable count was 10^6.12CFU/g and 10^7.45CFU/g, the pH value was 6.78 and 6.84, TBA was 0.12mg/kg and 0.16mg/kg, TVB-N was 166.6mg/kg and 318.7mg/kg, and K value was 27.10% and 43.72%, respectively. Therefore, tea polyphenols showed a significant inhibition effects on the propagation of bacteria and anti-oxidation of fat, thus prolonged the preservation time of Pseudosciaena crocea.

Influence of Microwave-assisted Extraction on the Composition and Yield Rate of Catechins in Green Tea

LI Min, REN Guo-pu, CUI Li, XIAO Li-zheng, XIAO Wen-jun

Journal of Tea Science. 2011, 31(2): 112-118. doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2011.02.006

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Microwave-assisted extraction of green tea showed certain effect on catechins yield rate and composition of catechins, however, it lack of systematic research. Based on systemic investigation on the influence of extracting power, extracting time, ratio of tea and water, water temperature and extracting times of microwave-assisted extraction on the composition and yield rate, the test processing parameters with the least influence of microwave extraction and higher yield rate on the composition were optimized and screened, which provide the reference for application in the industrialization of microwave-assisted extraction on tea by using the green tea as the raw material and the composition and yield rate in the extraction as the major index and used the industrial water as the control and the orthogonal test as the method of verification. Under the above mentioned parameters, the microwave-assisted extraction of green tea showed the least influence. The results showed that the optimum parameters were obtained at the ratio of solid to liquid of 1﹕25, microwave-assisted extracting power of 539W, microwave extracting time of 2min, extracting water temperature of 90℃, and the two times of extracting. The rate of EGC﹕DL-C﹕EC﹕EGCG﹕GCG﹕ECG was 3.25﹕0.12﹕1.00﹕7.66﹕0.49﹕1.82,the yield rate of the individual catechins was 130.47%、22.98%、124.62%、114.40%、7.39%、96.64% of yield rate extracted by industrial water. Compared with the current industrial technology, this method showed better practicability and results for the extraction of tea polyphenol and catechins.

Identification and Analysis of Procyanidins from Episperm of Tea (Camellia sinensis) Seeds

DONG Rui-xia, LI Li-xiang, JIANG Qi-zhong

Journal of Tea Science. 2011, 31(2): 119-123. doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2011.02.007

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The separation of procyanidins(PC) from episperm of tea (Camellia sinensis) seeds was separated by using macroporous absorption resin of column of HPD200A materials, and the obtained PC was qualitatively determined by color reaction of anthocyanin, UV-scanning, and thin layer chromatographic method, and quantitatively determined by HPLC method. Results showed that both the sample I and II eluted by 20% ethanol and 60% ethanol were the PC, and their obtained rate were 15.00mg/g and 36.90mg/g, purity 97.22% and 76.46%, respectively. Additionally, sample I contained 0.05% D,L-C, 0.35% EGCG and 0.02% theobromine by HPLC analysis while sample II contained 0.01% EGCG, 0.02% theobromine and 0.07 % caffeine, respectively.

Determination of Nicotinic Acid in Tea Leaves by HPLC

PEI Ting

Journal of Tea Science. 2011, 31(2): 124-128. doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2011.02.008

Abstract ( 599 )

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A method to measure nicotinic acid by high performance liquid chromatography was investigated in this work. Method: using Agilent 1100 HPLC series, C₁₈ column (4.6mm×150mm), mobile phase of MeOH∶0.05mol/L KH₂PO₄(1∶9), with flow rate of 1.0mL/min, and the detection wavelength at 266nm. The nicotinic acid curve was linear with R²=0.9915. The average recovery rate for Nicotinic acid was 99.38% with RSD 2.18%(n=4). Conclusion: the method is simple and has good reproducibility. It coulde be used for analysis of nicotinic acid in tea leaves.

Effects of Jinhua Spores Extracts in Fu Tea on Metabolizability of Intracellular Triglyceride of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Cells Induced in vitro

YUAN Yong, HUANG Jian-an, XU Xiao-jiang, LI Shi, GONG Yu-shun, LIU Zhong-hua

Journal of Tea Science. 2011, 31(2): 129-135. doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2011.02.009

Abstract ( 556 )

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To establish cellular models of non-alcoholic fatty liver(NAFL), study the effects of jinhua spores extracts on metabolizability of intracellular triglyceride and screen out the effective lipid-lowering components, for providing the guidance in investigating the comprehensive development of Fu tea, separation and purification of lipid-lowering components of jinhua spores. Liver cells LO2 were cultured with medium containing fat emulsion to establish cellular models of NAFL. MTT assay was used to screen out the optimal concentration of extracts. Lipid-lowering effects of extracts were evaluated by intracellular triglyceride level. Results showed that cellular models of NAFL were cultured in 48 hours by mixing medium, which contains 1.0mL/L 20% fat emulsion. Compared with controls, triglyceride in liver cells, leakage of liver cells ALT and AST showed extremely significant rise(P<0.01). So this method can be used to establish cellular models of NAFL. In addition, Jihua spores extrcacts had some inhibitory effects on NAFL cells and the optimal concentration respectively was 150μg/mL and 5μg/mL. When fatty liver cells were stimulated 24h, 48h by ethanol extracts and extracts of water layer, the intracellular triglyceride levels can be reduced, and the positive effects smiliar to Simvastatin and Xuezhikang. Obviously, the ethanol extractions and extractions of warter layer possessed good lipid-lowering effects.

Climate Adaptability Analysis for Planting Regions of High Quality Green Tea in Tongren District

LUO Jing-yi, YAN Li-hua, XU Da-hong, YANG Qun

Journal of Tea Science. 2011, 31(2): 136-142. doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2011.02.010

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In this paper, with the data of annual average temperature, ≥10℃ accumulated temperature, the annual average extreme minimum temperature, annual precipitation, monthly average precipitation between April and October, annual sunshine hours, relative humidity and dryness index from ten manual stations during 1980 to 2009 and thirty township automatic stations from 2001 to 2009 in tongren district of Guizhou province, the empirical orthogonal function(EOF) method is applied to calculate the indices of climatic regionalization for green tea planting. And with clustering analysis, high-quality green tea planting areas were classified into four different types. The results would provide a scientific basis for the tea industry in tongren and Guizhou province.

The Brick Tea from the Perspective of Social Science

DUAN Ji-ye

Journal of Tea Science. 2011, 31(2): 143-151. doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2011.02.011

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This article summarized the major producing area and five selling pathway of brick tea. It is the first time in trying to intergrate our familiar Tea-Horse Road and Tea Route into the concept of “brick road”. The paper regarded the special status of brick tea in the northern ethnic minority areas is established by these factors such as the biological characteristics of brick tea itself, the economic and cultural characteristics and so on. The paper highlighted that brick tea possesses significant social functions. Around the production, long-distance transport and marketing of the brick tea, national association between the mainland and the northwest minority areas formed for thousands of years, producing the famous “Tea-horse Trade” economy and “Frontier tea” politics, creating the reputation abroad of the “Tea-Horse Route” and “Tea Route” culture. What's more, the brick tea also played a fundamental role in the formation of the northwest ethnic relations, town, political governance and brick tea culture.

Perspective Analysis and Control Measures towards Credibility Crisis of Regional Tea Brand in Zhejiang Province

YI Kai-gang, ZHOU Shu-hong, JIN Bao-yu

Journal of Tea Science. 2011, 31(2): 152-159. doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2011.02.012

Abstract ( 439 )

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Credibility crisis research has drawn widespread attention from business and academic fields. Currently, counterfeiting "implicated" events have repeatedly occurred in many regions which have brought serious damage to the tea industry like brand reputation declining and intangibility depreciating that made the regional tea brand suffered severely. Based on previous studies, this paper takes the tea brand in Zhejiang Province as an example. Through the analysis of the current credit crisis, it points out that the major reasons of emerging credibility crisis include moral hazard of managing subject in market. Sub-brand flooding and infringement act on public brand etc. This paper finally puts forward the corresponding countermeasures of strengthening the individual moral consciousness and obeying mechanism, rational planning of the regional tea brands mainly by leading regional enterprises and maintaining the public tea brand by collaboration of stakeholders.

Analysis on the Technical Efficiency of Chinese Refining Tea Enterprise

GUAN Xi, YANG Jiang-fan

Journal of Tea Science. 2011, 31(2): 160-165. doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2011.02.013

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By using DEA method and data on input-output of 804 refining tea enterprises in 2007, an analysis on the technical efficiency of Chinese refining tea enterprises was conducted in this paper. The outcome indicates that the average technical efficiency of Chinese refining tea enterprises was rather low, and obvious difference existed in different forms of ownership of enterprises and different area, and efficiency of foreign enterprises was lower than that of Chinese enterprises. Accordingly the corresponding policy recommendations are proposed.

Analysis of Papers Publishedin the Journal of Tea Science during 2002 to 2009

TAN Hua-wei, ZHANG Yue, ZHANG Cai-li, YANG Lu-cheng, FENG Wei-ying, FANG Wan-ping

Journal of Tea Science. 2011, 31(2): 166-171. doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2011.02.014

Abstract ( 472 )

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A survey of 458 papers published in Journal of Tea Science during 2002 to 2009 is reported in this paper. The scope, the research laboratory, organization, main author, geographical distribution, timing of publication, co-authorship and high citation distribution are statistically investigated by using biblio-metrical method. Results showed that the rationality of the filed in the past 8 years was confirmed. The quality of the papers published was significantly improved; the core-authors for it were formed and the co-writer's rate was high. Some questions were been found through this study at the same time, and some solutions and outlooks were put forward. This study will be resulted in the further development of the Journal of Tea Science.

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