Journal of Tea Science

Study on Preparation and Physicochemical Properties of Water-soluble Dietary Fiber from Tea

AI Ze-yi, ZHANG Jie, YANG Xiao-ping, HAN Xue-ping, A Li-ya

Journal of Tea Science. 2009, 29(6): 407-411. doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2009.6.01

Abstract ( 571 )

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The extraction technology and properties of water soluble dietary fiber (SDF) from tea through enzymatic method were studied. The results showed that the effect of pH was the most important, followed by temperature, enzyme dosage, time and ratio of solid-liquid. Through orthogonal test, the optimum conditions of extraction were obtained on the basis of single factor test, as follows: enzyme dosage 0.08 g/g, pH9.0, time 2 h, temperature 60℃ and ratio of solid-liquid 1∶20. The yield of SDF is 53.72%. SDF from tea is a superior dietary fiber with high capacities of water holding, swelling and oil holding, as well as good absorption on cholesterol and sodium cholate.

Preliminary Studies on Extraction, Purification and Characterization of Chlorophyllase from Tea Leaves（Camellia Sinensis）

LI Yuan-hua, GU Wei, NI De-jiang, ZHENG Fang, RAO Rui, FAN Shi-sheng

Journal of Tea Science. 2009, 29(6): 412-418. doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2009.6.02

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Under the optimized conditions for the enzyme extraction and activity analysis, chlorophyllase was purified and its characterization was studied. The results indicated that the amount of polivinpolypyrrolidone (PVP) had great impact on chlase activity, chlase activity increased to max as pH value rose to 7.5. It was found that the enzyme reaction was stable at 45℃ in 15 min. Using the methods of ammonium sulfate precipitation and column chromatography on Sephadex G-200, Sepharose CL-6B, chlase in the tea leaves was purified. After three steps of Isolation and purification, It was purified 55.96 fold and a yield of 9.45%. there are one chlase stripe by SDS-PAGE. The subunit molecular mass was 37.2 kD. Research on the characterization of the purified chlase proved that the enzyme showed optimal activity at pH 7.5 and 45℃. The survival rate of enzyme activity remained 45% when stored 4℃ for a month. Adding metal ions Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺、Zn²⁺、Fe³⁺ and EDTA into chlase solution could show the promoting role on the activity of chlorophyllase in certain degree.

Compositions of Fatty Acids in Tea Seeds and Effects of Their Bioactive Fatty Acids on Glucose-induced Cytotoxicity in RF/6A Cells

YU Hai-ning, SHAN Wei-guang, Undurti N DAS, SHEN Sheng-rong

Journal of Tea Science. 2009, 29(6): 419-425. doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2009.6.03

Abstract ( 358 )

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Fatty acids in tea seeds have been analyzed by gas chromatography. The effects of the bioactive fatty acids in tea seeds on the cytotoxicity induced by high concentration of glucose in RF/6A cells have been investigated, and regulation of fatty acids and glucose on the metabolism of fatty acids in RF/6A cells have been primarily assessed at the same time. The results showed that oleic acid and linoleic acid are the main components of the fatty acids in tea seeds. Their compositions were closely related with their varieties and productive location. Both, the linoleic acid and linolenic acid suppress the excessive proliferation of RF/6A cells induced by high concentrations of glucose; linoleic acid, linolenic acid and palmitic acid also affect the metabolism of fat.

Study on the Clarification and and the Antioxidative Capacity of Kombucha Beverage

FENG Yi, ZHANG Wei-min, JIANG Sheng-jun, LUO Chang-hui, DAN Zhong

Journal of Tea Science. 2009, 29(6): 426-429. doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2009.6.04

Abstract ( 424 )

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Effect of culture time on the clarification and the antioxidant capacity of kombucha beverage was studied. The expermental results showed: (1)when the culture time was prolonged, the clarity of kombucha beverage gradually decreased; the kobucha beverage cultured for 5 days has a higher clarification more than 80%;but the clarity of kombucha beverage significantly decreased after culturing for 5 days. (2)kombucha beverage showed strong scavenging capacity on 1,1-diphenyl-2-pierylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ·OH radical. Expermental results aloso indicated that the scavenging capacity of kombucha beverage on DPPH and ·OH radical increased within the five days, and gradually decreased with the prolonging culturing time after 5 days.

Identification of Male Parents for “Yulv” and “Yusun” Tea Variety Based on EST-SSR Markers

ZHANG Shu-guang, DONG Li-juan, YANG Yang, LIU Zhen, WANG Xu, NING Jing

Journal of Tea Science. 2009, 29(6): 430-435. doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2009.6.05

Abstract ( 547 )

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EST-SSR primers were used to identify the male parents for Yulv and Yusun among Yabukita seeding and other 4 possible male parents. Totally 34 alleles were amplified using 16 core EST-SSR primers, the number of alleles per primer ranged from 1 to 3, on average of 2.12. The percentage of common alleles with Yulv is 72.22%, 44.44%, 55.56%, 72.22%, 61.11% each other, the maximum is Yabukita seeding and Xiangbolv, the minimum is Fuding Dabaicha, The percentage of Yusun is 73.91%, 43.48%, 52.17%, 60.87% and 47.83%, respectively, the maximum is Yabukita seeding, the minimum is Fuding Dabaicha.The similarity coefficient among different cultivars varied from 0.19 to 0.85, on average of 0.52. The 8 accessions were classified into 4 groups based on the UPGMA method with the similarity coefficient at 0.61: The first group is Yabukita, Yabukita seeding and Yusun. The second is Longjing 43. The third is Xiangbolv, Yulv and Zhuyeqi. The last is Fuding Dabaicha. The results of the similarity coefficient and dendrogram showed that the accessiongs have more genetic diversity and heterosis, Xiangbolv is the possible male parent of Yulv and which of Yusun should be identified furtherly.

Isolation and Molecular Identification of Fungal Colonization of Pu-erh Tea

ZHAO Zhen-jun, TONG Hua-rong, ZHOU Li, LIU Qin-jin

Journal of Tea Science. 2009, 29(6): 436-442. doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2009.6.06

Abstract ( 483 )

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The fungal colonization was investigated from 60 representative samples by using the method of dilution plating on the medium of Dichloran Rose-Bengal Chloramphenicol Agar (DRBC) and dichloran 18% glycerol (DG18) agar. The results of the survey showed that the fungal colonization ranged from 1.6×10³ to 1.16×10⁵ cfu/g, and 71 isolates were identified by means of sequencing the rDNA fragments, which belong to 40 species of 19 genera, including 13 species of Aspergillus and 7 species of Penicillium, and 20 species of other genera. The predominant fungi in number were yeasts and different species of the genus Aspergillus. Further evaluation on the safety of these fungi isolated from Pu-erh tea products is needed.

Localized Monitoring of Soil Acidification Rate of Tea Garden in Jiangsu Province

CAO Dan, ZHANG Qian, XIAO Jun, ZONG Liang-gang

Journal of Tea Science. 2009, 29(6): 443-448. doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2009.6.07

Abstract ( 477 )

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Through positioning research methods, the representative tea garden soil pH, soil texture, soil organic matter and soil cation exchange capacity of typical tea plantation in Jiangsu province were monitored. The results showed that the 0~20 cm soil acidification rate of 67 percent tea gardens was more than 0.1 pH per year, 33 percent was more than 0.2 pH per year and 50 percent the tea gardens has a pH value much lower than 4. Soil acidification of upper layer is the most serious. The acidification rate of tea garden soil had a significant difference compared with natural soil. Tea garden soil acidification rate had a direct relationship with the basic physical and chemical properties of soil itself.

The Difference of Biological Characteristics between Pestalotiopsis theae and Pestalotipsis guepini and Observation of Pathogenicity

CHEN Yu-sen, LIU Wei, YE Nai-xing, YANG Jiang-fan, WEI Ri-feng, FANG Shu-min

Journal of Tea Science. 2009, 29(6): 449-455. doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2009.6.08

Abstract ( 473 )

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In this paper, symptoms caused by P. theae and P. guepinii of Pestalotiopsis genus on the leaves were compared, and the colony, morphological features and biological characteristics of the two pathogens were observed. The results indicated that, in the early stages the symptoms between two pathoens only showed a small difference. However, symptoms were marked distinction in the later stage. The points on tea leaves caused by P. theae was brown and with concentric ring and protruding black points, the symptoms of gray leaf spot was grey and scattered with small black points. The colonies of P. theae fungus appeared concentric ring, appendages of conidium amounted to 2~4. The colonies of P. guepinii fungus appeared wavy uplifting, appendages amounted to 2~5. The optimal temperature for spore germination of the both pathogens was 25℃, with the germination rate 87.5% and 86.1% respectively. The tea juice promoted the spore germination and sporulation. The spore germination, hyphal growth and the sporulation were inhibited obviousely by strong light. The optimal temperature for hypha growth of P. theae was 26~28℃, and the P. guepini was 24~25℃. PDA was the optimum medium for hypha growth of the two pathogens and the PSA supplemented with 200 g/L tea juice was suitable for their sporulation. The optimum pH for hypha growth of the P. theae was 6.0 and the P. guepini was 7.5. The spore suspension of two pathogens with tea juice was inoculated on tea leaves at different age which were slightly scraped on the surface or not. Results showed that wounds were helpful to the infection of P. theae spores and penetrated via the bud, and tender leaves were favorable for infection directly, but also infected the wound mature leaf. P. guepinii spores could only infected the bud, tender leaf and mature leaf that after scraping.

N₂O Emission from Soils with Different Stands

LIN Yi-dong, HAN Wen-yan

Journal of Tea Science. 2009, 29(6): 456-464. doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2009.6.09

Abstract ( 593 )

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Using forest and vegetable soils as controls, three types of tea garden soils, namely high, middle and low productive tea garden soils, were collected to study N₂O emission under laboratorial incubation condition. There were two treatments: (I) control soils without addition of any chemicals. (II) N treatment, adding 200 mg N in form of (NH₄)₂SO₄ per 1 kg soil. The soils were continuously incubated at 25℃ for 14 days. After 0, 1, 3, 7 and 14 days incubation, the air in head space of the incubated bottles were collected, respectively, for measuring N₂O concentrations. The interaction of soil moisture and N addition on the N₂O emission was also studied. The results showed that in a group with natural soils, the soil of high production tea garden had the highest mean N₂O emission rate during 14 days incubation period. It reached to 11.26 mg/(kg·d), significantly higher than other four soils. However, in the other group with N addition, vegetable soil showed the highest N₂O emission rate, very significantly higher than those in tea and forest soils. The N₂O emission rate in N added soils was higher than that in natural soils. The N₂O emission rate was increased with the increase of soil moisture content. There was a significant interaction between soil moisture content and N added. N addition to high moisture content soils could stimulate the N₂O emission. The paper also discussed the possible N₂O production mechanism based on the change of NH₄⁺ and NO₃^- concentration during the incubation period.

Research of the Anti-Diarrhea Function of Fuzhuan Tea

YU Zhi-yong, HUANG Jian-an, YANG Min-zhen, ZHANG Yue, OU Yang-mei, FU Dong-he

Journal of Tea Science. 2009, 29(6): 465-469. doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2009.6.10

Abstract ( 436 )

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The animal models were established that different-induced cathartics were fed to different groups of mice respectively to cause diarrhea and mice small intestinal motility. Fuzhuan tea extract was fed to all of the diarrhea mice. The effect of Fuzhuan tea extract on secretion diarrhea, non-infected exudative diarrhea, permeability diarrhea and diarrhea caused by small intestine motility function disorder was investigated. The results showed that Fuzhuan tea extract could reduce the diarrhea index and watery defecate rate caused by senna, castor oil, bitter salt. It could restrain the movement of gastrointestinal tract of the normal mice and the mice whose small intestine motility function disordered. The relationship between the function and the dose was positive.

Effect of Theaflavin on the Activity of p38 Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase (p38MAPK) and Extracellar Matrix Production in Rat Mesangial Cells

LI Cai-rong, CAI Fei, ZHAO Xin-yuan, YANG Yin-qiao

Journal of Tea Science. 2009, 29(6): 470-474. doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2009.6.11

Abstract ( 397 )

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To study the effect of theaflavin on rat mesangial cells (GMCs) were separately incubated with normal glucose, high glucose, advanced glycosylation end products (AGE) and H₂O₂. The protein expression of p-p38MAPK and TGF-β was examined by Western blot, and the levels of fibronectin (FN), collagen Ⅳ(ColⅣ), laminine (LN) in the supernatant of cultured GMCs were detected by ELISA. Compared to the control group, high glucose, AGE and H₂O₂significantly activated p-p38MAPK and increased the protein expression of TGF-β and extracellar matrix production. The protein expression of p-p38MAPK and TGF-β was inhibited by theaflavin. Compared to GMCs incubated with corresponding stimulators, FN, ColⅣ and LN were expressed at a lower level after pre-treatment of theaflavin. It can be concluded that theaflavin may effectively attenuate diabetic nephropathy progression through down-regulating the expression of TGF-β and extracellar matrix production via p38MAPK.

The Influential Factors of Chinese Tea Industry Competitiveness in the World Tea Market by using the Theory of Competitive Advantages

JIANG Ai-qin, YING Hua-jun

Journal of Tea Science. 2009, 29(6): 475-482. doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2009.6.12

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The influential factors of Chinese tea industry competitiveness in the world tea market were investigated and analyzed by using Porter’s competitive advantages theory. By identifying the advantageous and restricted influential factors, suggestions are recommended. Major advantageous factors include the natural resources, labor force and domestic market demand. Some restrictions to the industry include having low utility of production factors, undeveloped upper-stream industry, low educational-level of labors, and so on.

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