Journal of Tea Science

Design and Application of Fertilization Information System for Hilly Tea Plantation on ComGIS

LIAO Gui-tang, LI Ting-xuan, WANG Yong-dong, ZHANG Xi-zhou, XIA Jian-guo, ZHENG Zi-cheng

Journal of Tea Science. 2008, 28(6): 391-400. doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2008.06.013

Abstract ( 396 )

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On the basic research of the spatial variability of soil nutrition and comprehensive evaluation of fertility quality and modeling for the optimization of fertilization of tea, Tea fertilization information system(TFIS 1.0) was developed based on the soil testing, and principle of nutrient balance, by inserting MapObjects component into the Visual Basic development environment and combining the techniques of unified modeling language(UML), relation database and ComGIS. TFIS directly serve to farmers and managers of tea garden, the system realized the functions as basic map handling, agricultural spatial information query and analysis, ecological distribution of tea garden, fertilization decision-making, precision farming management, visual display of results and system maintenance. Case studies on Mengding Mountain in Sichuan province indicate the system can effectively manage regional agriculture spatial information and show a good applicability in future.

Studies on the Ecological Niche of Emposca vitis (Göthe) and Spiders in Tea Gardens

WANG Yuan-jiang, XIE Zheng-lun, PANG Xiong-fei

Journal of Tea Science. 2008, 28(6): 401-406. doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2008.06.003

Abstract ( 493 )

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Niche of Emposca vitis (Göthe) and spiders in different tea gardens in Yingde Guangdong was systematically investigated. Results showed that Erigonidium graminicolum (Sundevall) is the main predominance natural enemies, the next is Oxypes Sertatus L.Koch, Jotus difficilis Boes et Str., Jotus munitus Boes et Str.and Myrmarachne innermichelis. Comparing on the niche width of Emposca vitis (Göthe) between chemical control tea gardens and bio-control tea gardens, there is no difference to be found, but the kinds of spiders is less in chemical control tea gardens than bio-control tea gardens, also niche overlap of Emposca vitis (Göthe) and spiders is smaller, which cause the natural enemies can not control Emposca vitis (Göthe).

Studies on the Biology of the Egg Parasitoids of Tea Leafhopper, Empoasca vitis (Göthe)

LI Hui-ling, LIN Nai-quan

Journal of Tea Science. 2008, 28(6): 407-413. doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2008.06.004

Abstract ( 524 )

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Investigations on the egg parasitoids of tea leafhopper, Empoasca vitis (Göthe), were conducted both at tea plantations and in laboratory of Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou. Two dominant egg parasitoids, Stethynium empoasca Subba Rao and Schizophragma parvulas Ogloblin, in Mymaridae have been found in Fujian tea plantations. Studies on the biology showed that the adult activity, longevity and oviposition of the two mymarids were significantly affected by temperature and light. These two mymarids can reproduce in both ways of amphigony and arrhenotoky. Under 25℃ condition, the lifecycle from egg to adult emergence lasted for about 21.40±0.26 days. After 10% honey water solution was supplied as supplementary nutrition, the female longevity could be proplonged significantly. The average reproductive capacity in Schizophragma parvulas (about 36.83±0.81 eggs per female) was much more than which in Stethynium empoasca (about 22.33±0.48 eggs per female). The photomicrographs for general morphological characteristics of the two mymarids from egg to adult were provided as well.

Application of Statistical Analysis System to the Extraction of Organophosphorous Pesticides in Tea

DUAN Jun-yan, LIU Xin, JIANG Ying, CHENG Hong-ping, WANG Qing-hua

Journal of Tea Science. 2008, 28(6): 414-419. doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2008.06.005

Abstract ( 506 )

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The thesis optimized the extraction of organophosphorous（OPPS） in tea with orthogonal design of experiment. The specific volume of OPPS as variable was chosen and four important factors such as extraction time,extraction methods, solvent extraction, dosage of solvent extraction were selected. The experiment data was analyzed by statistical analysis system. Through the analysis, we got the best conditions of the extraction of OPPS in tea. The best condition of extraction of organophosphorous is 10 ml ethyl acetate with shake in 10 min for extraction.

Identification investigation of Tea Based on HSI Color Space and Figure

WANG Jian, DU Shi-ping

Journal of Tea Science. 2008, 28(6): 420-424. doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2008.06.001

Abstract ( 486 )

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The figure characteristics of tea and improved neural-network, computer vision and image processing were combined together to realize automatic identification of external quality of tea leaf. Firstly a tea-leaf image was obtained by a digital camera directly. The parameters of tea HSI model and parameters of the figure was extracted to identify tea leaf after image conversion and preprocess. Then completed automatically identify of tea-leaf through the Genetical-Neural network. The experiments reveal that the method improves the consistence between computer inspection and manual inspection.

Study on the Relation of the Tenderness and Shearing Properties of Tea Shoot

PAN Zhou-guang

Journal of Tea Science. 2008, 28(6): 425-428. doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2008.06.009

Abstract ( 401 )

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Shearing properties can be used to evaluate the tenderness of tea. The mechanical properties on tea shear inderes (hardness, failure energy, failure force and failure stress and so on) were tested through the sheer test. At the same time the tea shoot dimension and other parameters were obtained by using the image analysis method on tea shoot with smaller diameter, Besides, a mathematical model between the different tea cultivars of shoot tenderness and the shear mechanics was established, so to provide the new means and methods for the objective evaluation of the tea grade.

Observation on the Self-incompatibility of Pollen Tubes in Self-pollination of Tea Plant in Style in vivo

WANG Yu, JIANG Chang-jun, ZHANG He-yu

Journal of Tea Science. 2008, 28(6): 429-435. doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2008.06.008

Abstract ( 517 )

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Germination of pollens and growth of pollen tubes were observed in vivo after self- or cross-pollination in the style of clonal tea cultivar Longjing43 using fluorescence microscopy by aniline blue staining. The results showed that pollens in self-pollination germinated normally, and it was the same as that in cross-pollination. There was no significant difference in growth characteristics of pollen tubes between self- and cross-pollination during 24 hours after pollinating,but thereafter the growth speed of pollen tubes in self-pollination was slower than that in cross-pollination and was finally stoped in the style base, and meanwhile there were some incompatibility-phenomenons that the form of pollen tube apex was abnormal and fluoresced more obviously. It was suggested that the inhibited morphological manifestations of pollen tubes in self-pollination accorded with the characteristics of floral gametophytic self-incompatibility.

Study on the Analysis and Antioxidant Activities of Different Extracts from (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate Oxidation Products

QI Xiang-yang

Journal of Tea Science. 2008, 28(6): 436-442. doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2008.06.011

Abstract ( 494 )

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(-)-Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) was oxidized chemically and extracted under neutral, acidic condition value to obtain two extracts: fraction A (EOPA) and fraction B (EOPB). The antioxidant activities of EOP A, EOP B and EGCG were determined using a chemiluminescence technique. The components of two fractions were analyzed by HPLC-ESI-MS. Results showed that the EOP A possessed the strongest antioxidant activity in all test system followed by EGCG, EOP B in a decreasing order. HPLC-ESI-MS analysis showed that the oxidation products of EOP A and EOPB were all dimmers.

Study on the Isolation Technology of Theanine from Aqueous Phase of Tea Polypheonls Production

ZHANG Xing-hai, ZHOU Xiao-hong, LU Xuan, WANG Yue-fei

Journal of Tea Science. 2008, 28(6): 443-449. doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2008.06.007

Abstract ( 471 )

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The preparative technology of theanine from the aqueous phase of tea polypheonls production was investigated. Firstly, retreating the aqueous liquids with ZTC-II, then, Separating the clarifying liquids by three kinds of ultra-filtration, the crude theanine (>60%) can be obtained from the filtrated liquid by using the JAD-2000 which is a kind of macroporous resin with weak polarity. High purity theanine (>98%) can be obtained through preparative high performance liquid chromatography (prep-HPLC) with C₁₈ column. Results showed that proteins and pectin compounds were removed over 97% and 89% respectively, after flocculating and ultra-filtration. The removing rate of tea polypheonls and soluble sugar was less than 9% and the theanine was reserved above 93%. Crude theanine and high purity theanine were produced through JAD-2000 and the C₁₈ column for prep-HPLC, the final recovering rate and purity of theanine were 71.5%, 61.2% and 71.3%, 98.3% respectively.

Study on the Toxicology of a Preparation of Tea-polyphenols and American Ginseng

SUN Pei-pei, WANG Yue-fei, ZHANG Xing-hai, HU Liu-hong, YANG Xian-qiang

Journal of Tea Science. 2008, 28(6): 450-454. doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2008.06.010

Abstract ( 437 )

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The edible safety of the compound of Tea-polyphenols and American ginseng was investigated according to “the Standard of Health Food Test and Assesment”. Acute toxicity test in mice showed that LD₅₀ was higher than 10.0 g/kg.Bw, all three genetic tests showed negative results, 30 days feeding test showed that the physical appearance, behaviors, weights, organ coefficients, the indexes of hematology and biochemistry in rats have no significant difference comparing with the control group, also, no significant external appearance and pathological changes of various organs including liver, heart, spleen, kidney, stomach, intestines, testicle, and ovary were discovered. All results suggested that the compound has no acute toxicity, no genotoxicity, and high in edible safety.

Effect of Tea Pigments on Insulin Receptor in Insulin Resistant Rats

WANG Wen-xiang, SU Chang, LIAO Hui-zhen

Journal of Tea Science. 2008, 28(6): 455-458. doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2008.06.012

Abstract ( 574 )

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To study the effect of theaflavins on insulin receptor in insulin-resistant rats, fifty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal control group, high fat diet group and three dosed theaflavins groups, high rats of fat diet group and three dosed theaflavins groups were fed with high lipid diet for 8 weeks and then those of theaflavins groups were fed theaflavins of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 g/(kg bw·d) respectively for other 8 weeks. The blood serum was collected to measure insulin receptor level of red blood cell, blood glucose, free fatty acid, blood insulin and blood leptin. As compared to control group, the blood insulin, leptin and FFA of high fat diet group were higher than those of normal control group (P<0.05), but the number of insulin receptor was lower than that of control group (P<0.05). As compared to high fat diet group, the blood insulin, leptin and FFA of the middle and high dose theaflavins groups were obvious lower (P<0.05), the level of insulin receptor of red blood cell was higher obviously(P<0.05). It is considered that theaflavins can upregulate insulin receptor in insulin-resistant rats, the mechanism may relate to its down regulating blood FFA and leptin or the influence on gene regulator unit directly of receptor.

Molecular Cloning and Expression Analysis on ACC Oxidase Gene Full-length cDNA from Tea Plant

ZHANG Ya-li, QIAO Xiao-yan, CHEN Liang

Journal of Tea Science. 2008, 28(6): 459-467. doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2008.06.006

Abstract ( 484 )

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1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) oxidase is an important enzyme and plays a critical regulatory role in the biosynthesis of ethylene. Based on previous ESTs sequencing results of the tender shoots cDNA library and RT-PCR technology, a full-length cDNA sequence coding ACC oxidase (ACO) of tea plant was cloned. The GenBank accession is DQ904328 in the NCBI. The ACO gene had 1 232 bp in length, encoding 320 amino acid residues with the putative molecular weight of 36.2 KD and the pI 5.41. The protein sequences of tea plant ACO aligned with those of other 12 plants showed highly conservative sequences in tea plant. Neighbor-Joining phylogenetic tree based on ACO sequence of tea plant and other 22 plants indicated that tea plant had very close relationship with that of Diospyros kaki. The ACO gene expression level of different cultivars after high and low temperature stresses were analyzed using RT-PCR method. The expression level has correlation with resistance of the cultivars to certain degree.

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