Journal of Tea Science

Review on Antioxidative Mechanism of Theaflavins

CHEN Hu, HU Yin, ZHOU Rui, ZHAO Jian

Journal of Tea Science. 2005, 25(4): 237-241. doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2005.04.001

Abstract ( 526 )

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The content of theaflavins is an important index of black tea’s quality, are the major substance in black tea, which show significant antioxidative effect. The antioxidative mechanism of theaflavins was revieved in this paper

Phylogenetic Relationship of Tea Tussork(Euproctis pseudoconspersa) Nucleopolyhedrovirus and Other Baculoviruses Based on P24、Rr1 and Lef1 Genes

Nie Ting-ting, XIAO Qiang, YIN Kun-shan, XING Li-Ping, ZHANG Chuan-Xi

Journal of Tea Science. 2005, 25(4): 242-248. doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2005.04.002

Abstract ( 478 )

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An EcoRI-XhoI 5942 bp DNA fragment from the Euproctis pseudoconspersa nucleopolyhedrovirus (EupsNPV) genome was cloned and its sequence was determined. Five Open Reading Frames (ORFs) encoding P24, Rr1, 38.7 K, Lef1 and Ep-ld124 were identified in the fragment. Comparative and phylogenetic analysis of the 5 genes with their homologues from other baculoviruses revealed that EupsNPV was a nucleopolyhedrovirus distinct from other known baculoviruses. The result also showed that EupsNPV was one of the NPV II members, and was most closely related to Ectropis obliqua SNPV (EcobSNPV). The sequence data reported in this paper have been assigned the EMBL accession number AJ920288.

Differences in Composition and Dynamic of Insect and Mite Community among Three Types of Tea Gardens

HAN Bao-yu

Journal of Tea Science. 2005, 25(4): 249-254. doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2005.04.003

Abstract ( 546 )

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From July 2002 to July 2003, a survey on the species richness and abundance of insects and mites in the tea plant, the aerial space above the tea plant and on the ground from organic, non-pollution and common tea gardens were conducted in Magushan Mountains in the Southern Anhui Province. In total, 29018 individuals of 79 species from 41 families were recorded from a common tea garden, 35117 individuals of 81 species from 41 families were recorded from a non-pollution tea garden, and 12727 individuals of 102 species from 57 families were recorded from an organic tea garden. The tea green leafhopper, Empoasca vitis, abundance and its percentage accounted for the total abundance in organic, non-pollution and common tea garden were 5176 and 40%, 14049 and 40% as well as 17590 and 60%, respectively. Wasps, ground beetles, tiger beetles, rove beetles and ladybugs are the major natural enemies in tea gardens, whose species richness and abundance in organic, non-pollution and common tea garden were 40 and 2620, 33 and 1898 as well as 29 and 1610, respectively. In all the three types of tea gardens, species richness was higher from March to April and from September to October, and was lower from late November to middle January. Insect and mite abundance was high from April to June and from September to October, and was lower from July to August due to the warm weather as well as from December to January due to the cold weather. The abundance in the common tea garden fluctuated more than in other two types of tea gardens. Though the Insect and mite abundance was highest in the non-pollution tea garden, the pests did not cause serious damage because of the appropriate forecast and control. In the organic tea garden, the abundance was the lowest, while the species richness was the highest, and the energy paths were complicated and the community may be stable. At the present stage, most of the organic tea gardens in China are established among the mountains where vegetation is flourishing and biodiversity is high, such ecosystems may enhance natural control.

Combination of Particle Bombardment-mediated and Agrobacterium-mediated Transformation Methods in Tea Plant

WU Shan, LIANG Yue-rong, LU Jian-liang, LI Hao-yan

Journal of Tea Science. 2005, 25(4): 255-264. doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2005.04.004

Abstract ( 616 )

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A microprojection protocol using particle delivery system and GUS report gene was developed for tea plant (Camellia sinensis) callus. Comparison of several pre-bombardment culture media showed the highest transient gene expression in the media with PVP. Instead of making contribution to improving GUS expression, osmotic pre-treatment would cause the target tissue having difficulty in regeneration. High transformation rate was obtained using 125 μg tungsten coated with 0.25 μg DNA per shot. Bombarding tea callus at 7 MPa with a target distance of 5 cm and one time was suitable for both GUS activity and regeneration. Several transformation methods, including Agrobacterium-mediated transformation(AGR), particle bombardment (BOM), and combination of the two methods (BTA, BPA and BOA), have been tested and compared with each other. Based on the results of GUS expression and survival rates of the resistant calli, the method combining Agrobacterium and particle bombardment systems is suitable to apply for tea plant transfortion.

Effect of Phytohormone Induction on Direct Rooting of Tea Plant (Camellia sinensis) Microshoots in Greenhouse

ZHOU Jian, CHENG Hao, WANG Li-yuan

Journal of Tea Science. 2005, 25(4): 265-269. doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2005.04.005

Abstract ( 492 )

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Induction on direct rooting of tea tissue culture microshoots with different levels of phytohormone was expermented in greenhouse. We screened out the optimum levels of hormone, analyzed the dynamics of the percentage of rooted seedlings under different hormone levels, and established the technology of direct rooting of tea microshoots in greenhouse. The results showed that the surviving rate of seedlings was 66.7%, the rooting rate was 60%, about 90% of those survived seedlings, the average amounts of root was 9.4, and the length was 3.64βcm at the 70^th day after instantaneous dipping treatment of 100βmg/L IBA. This technology might be developed for commercial application of tea tissue culture procedure and the industrialized incubation of tea seedlings.

Studies on the Optimal Water Condition for Tea Seedlings under Greenhouse Manufacturing Administration

ZENG Jian-ming, GU Bao-jing, CHANG Jie, YUAN Hai-bo, WANG Li-yuan, DONG Fang-shuai, CHENG Hao, ZHOU Jian, GE Ying, Chen Shenglun

Journal of Tea Science. 2005, 25(4): 270-274. doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2005.04.006

Abstract ( 604 )

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The photosynthesis, chlorophyll content and the growth traits of the clonal tea seedling grown under various substrates with different water content under the greenhouse were compared. The new biomass reaching their maximum values in the substrate with 80%~100% relative substrate water content, root mass ratio (RMR) decreased with the increase of water content of substrate, while the content of chlorophyll, specific leaf area (SLA), leaf area ratio (LAR), root emerging rate of the plant and specific root length (SRL) increased as the water content of substrate increased. The maximum photosynthetic rate (Pnmax) and new biomass increased as the water content of substrate increased, reaching their maximum values at 70%~100% water content of substrate. Content of chlorophyll increased with the rise of relative water content of substrate, while the ratio of chlorophyll a/b decreased with the substrate water content of substrate. Lower substrate water content can expedite the growth of tea seedling after rootage.

Analysis of Glycosidic Aroma Precursors in Fresh Tea Leaves (Camellia sinensis var. sinensis cv. Zhuye) by the Combination of Liquid Chromatography with Mass Spectrometry

ZHANG Zheng-Zhu, WAN Xiao-Chun, TAO Guang-Jun

Journal of Tea Science. 2005, 25(4): 275-281. doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2005.04.007

Abstract ( 454 )

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Glycosidic tea aroma precursors were efficiently separated by chromatography on Amberlite XAD-2 column. Incubation of the glycoside rich alcohol extracts with crude enzymes (tea leaf acetone powder) has been shown to yield aglycons which can be quantitatively analyzed by GC. Significant amounts of cis-3-hexenol, linalool oxide I (cis, furanoid), linalool oxide II (trans, furanoid), linalool, methyl salicylate, geraniol, benzyl alcohol and 2-phenylethanol were yielded. These eight kinds of glycosides were revealed to be the major bound form aroma components in fresh tea leaves of cv Zhuye. The seasonal variations of the amount of glycosidically bound volatiles were investigated by analysis of three stages of the tea leaves, and the same aglycone moieties were observed in juvenile and aged tea leaves. Additionally, glycosidic aroma precursors in leaves of cv Zhuye were shown quite similar to that in leaves of cv Maoxie, cv Shuixian and cv Yabukita that disaccharides (C5-C6) appearing to predominate by a LC-MS investigation

Change of Polysaccharide During the Processing of Oolong Tea and its Structure Characteristic

NI De-jiang, CHEN Yu-qiong, YU Zhi, ZHANG Yun, XIE Bi-jun, ZHOU Ji-rong

Journal of Tea Science. 2005, 25(4): 282-288. doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2005.04.008

Abstract ( 533 )

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During the process of Oolong tea, the extraction rate of TPS and the contents of its neutral sugar and protein decreased, particularly notably after the third shaking, but the content change of uronic acid was less. It was also indicated that the inhibiting effects of polysaccharide on radicals increased before the third shaking, and then decreased on Zuoqing stage. According to the changes of polyphenol content, when it was retained 85%, the content of TPS was highest and the effect on scavenging •OH and was best, which was regarded the technical index to end shaking during the process of Oolong tea. Four fractions of OTPS was obtained by DEAE-52 column chromatography, and there were obvious differences not only in contents of neutral sugar, uronic acid and protein of OTPS, but also in inhibiting effects on hydroxyl radical (•OH) and superoxide anion radical ( ). OTPS 2-1, a main fraction of OTPS, was obtained by DEAE-52 and Sephadex column chromatography. It was found that OTPS2-1 was a trinal compound of polysaccharide containing rich uronic acid and less protein. The results also showed that the molecular average-weight of OTPS2-1 was 8.877?10⁴, and it was composed of Gal, Glu, Ara, Fuc and Rha with a molar ratio of 7.58:2.14:7.05:1.76:1.02.

HPLC Analysis, Preparation and Mass Identification of Flavonol Glycosides in Tea Seed Flakes

JIANG He-yuan, KE Chang-qiang, WANG Chuan-pi, CHEN Xiao-qiang, YUAN Xin-yue

Journal of Tea Science. 2005, 25(4): 289-294. doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2005.04.009

Abstract ( 538 )

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Through HPLC and preparing HPLC and the analysis of molecular weight and chemical group by HPLC/MS, Two flavonol glycosides from tea seed flakes were separated and identied. The systematical method combining analytical and preparation scale HPLC with HPLC/MS, could also be used in the study of other natural products in tea.

Study on the Toxicology of Se-Enriching Ampelopsis Grossedentata from Enshi

CHEN Yu-qiong, XIANG Ban-gui, NI De-jiang, WU Mou-cheng, ZHOU Ji-rong, YU Zhi, ZENG Wei-chao

Journal of Tea Science. 2005, 25(4): 295-299. doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2005.04.010

Abstract ( 540 )

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The water extract of Enshi Se-enriching Tengcha(ESTC) on the animal safety was investigated according to the Standard of Health Food Test and Assess. Acute toxicity test on mice showed that LD₅₀ was greater than 30βg/kg.bw. Three genetic tests showed negative results. 90 days feeding test showed that the outer appearance, behavior, weights, organ coefficients, the indexes of hematology and biochemistry in rats have no significant difference comparing with the control group. Significant pathological changes of inherent organs were not discovered. All results showed that ESTC was safet for rats.

Changes of Chemical Components in Pu’er Tea Produced by Solid State Fermentation of Sundried Green Tea

GONG Jia-shun, ZHOU Hong-jie, ZHANG Xin-fu, SONG Shan, AN Wen-jie

Journal of Tea Science. 2005, 25(4): 300-306. doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2005.04.011

Abstract ( 531 )

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The changes of chemical components of Pu’er tea produced by solid state fermentation (SSF) of sundried green tea using Aspergillus niger were studied in this paper. The results showed that the main chemical components of sundried green tea such as polyphenols, catechins, thearubigins, flavonoid, theabromine, polysaccharide and oligosaccharide were converted obviously during SSF process of sundried green tea. When the sundried green tea was fermented for 40 days, the content of polyphenols, catechins, flavonoid , thearubigins, soluble oligosaccharide and tea extracts of the fourth pile sample were reduced 60%, 80%, 55%, 90%, 65% and 25%, respectively, but the content of theabromine and soluble polysaccharide increased by 4.5 times and by 5.7 times, respectively. It was suggested that the polyphenols, catechins, thearubigins, theabromine, oligosaccharide and polysaccharide of Pu’er tea could be used as characteristic components to determine the quality of Pu’er tea. The results also demonstrated that the esculent Pu’er tea was produced within short time by SSF of sundried green tea, and the product had the same content of characteristic components as the Pu’er tea stored for long time. Furthermore, the results revealed that the sundried green tea could not be transformed the characteristic quality of Pu’er tea without the process of microorganism.

Effect of EGCG on Mesangial Cells Proliferation Cultured Condition and Expression of Cyclin Kinase Inhibitor p27 in High Glucose

LI Cai-rong, CAI Fei, YANG Xiao, ZHU Zhong-hua

Journal of Tea Science. 2005, 25(4): 307-310. doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2005.04.012

Abstract ( 400 )

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The effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on rat mesangial cells (GMCs) proliferation cultured in high glucose condition and the expression of cyclin kinase inhibitor p27(p27) protein were investigated. The GMCs were divided into 6 groups. 48 hours later, the proliferation activity of GMCs was observed by MTT assay, the expression of p27 protein was enhanced by Western blot. Results showed that compared with normal glucose group, high glucose treatment significantly increased GMCs proliferation activity and the expression of p27 protein. EGCG in different concentration suppressed the proliferation of GMCs and down-regulated the expression of p27. It can be concluded that EGCG can suppress the proliferation activity of GMCs cultured under high glucose and decrease the expression of p27 protein, which implied EGCG probably decrease the accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) and slowed the progession of progression of glomerular hypertrophy and glomerulosclerosis in diabetic nephropathy.

Application of Instantaneous Controlled Pressure Drop on Tea Processing

WANG Yue-fei, YANG Xiu-fang, REN Peng, FENG Li-yun, YANG Xiang-qiang

Journal of Tea Science. 2005, 25(4): 311-314. doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2005.04.013

Abstract ( 490 )

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Using electron microscopy the tissue structure of tea leaves treated by controlled pressure drop process and traditional processing technology as well as the untreated fresh tea leaves were observed and described by the theory and method of computer graphics. The results showed different cell disruption rate, and this offered academic gist for that leaves of instantaneous controlled pressure drop process have higher inclusion leaching rate and little leaching time. It also provided a distinguishable method to protect of intellectual property of this technology.

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